Seasonal Foraging Guide

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Seasonal Foraging Guide

Wild greens, berries, fruit, nuts and mushrooms month by month — where they grow, how to use them, and the look-alikes to watch for.

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Best foraging near you right now

What’s in season this month and actually being found within about 50 miles of you.

Your location is rounded to about 7 miles and never saved on our site.

Sightings from iNaturalist research-grade observations. Photos © their photographers via iNaturalist, used under Creative Commons licenses.

Be certain before you eat. Never eat a wild plant or mushroom you can’t identify with complete certainty from several reliable sources. Many deadly plants have edible look-alikes. Learn with an experienced forager or local mushroom club. In the U.S., Poison Control is 1-800-222-1222.

Season calendar

Typical seasons for the eastern and central United States. Farther south things come in earlier; farther north and higher up, later.

What to look for

Morel mushrooms
(c) Alan Rockefeller, some rights reserved (CC BY), uploaded by Alan Rockefeller · iNaturalist

Mushrooms · Marso–Mayo

Morel mushrooms

Morchella

Where: Woods edges, around dying elms, ash and old apple orchards, once the soil warms to about 50°F.

Look-alikes & cautions: False morels are poisonous. A true morel is completely hollow from tip to stem when sliced lengthwise, and the cap is attached at the bottom. Always cook — never eat raw.

Use: Sauté, fry or dry

Chanterelles
(c) Alan Rockefeller, some rights reserved (CC BY), uploaded by Alan Rockefeller · iNaturalist

Mushrooms · Hunyo–Setyembre

Chanterelles

Cantharellus

Where: Hardwood forests (oak, beech) on the ground after summer rains.

Look-alikes & cautions: Jack-o’-lantern mushrooms are poisonous: they grow in clusters on wood and have sharp, true gills. Chanterelles grow singly from soil with blunt, forked ridges and pale, stringy flesh inside.

Use: Sauté; freeze after cooking

Chicken of the woods
(c) Tom Norton, some rights reserved (CC BY), uploaded by Tom Norton · iNaturalist

Mushrooms · Hunyo–Oktubre

Chicken of the woods

Laetiporus

Where: Bright orange-yellow shelves on living or dead oaks and other hardwoods.

Look-alikes & cautions: Cook thoroughly. Some people react, especially to ones growing on conifers, eucalyptus or locust — try a small amount first. Pick the tender outer edges.

Use: Cook like chicken; freeze after cooking

Hen of the woods (maitake)
no rights reserved, uploaded by Bethany Teigen · iNaturalist

Mushrooms · Setyembre–Oktubre

Hen of the woods (maitake)

Grifola frondosa

Where: Clusters at the base of oak trees in early fall, often the same tree every year.

Look-alikes & cautions: Check the underside has tiny pores, not gills. The black-staining polypore looks similar and is edible but tough.

Use: Roast, sauté, dry or freeze

Ramps (wild leeks)
(c) Annie Weissman, some rights reserved (CC BY), uploaded by Annie Weissman · iNaturalist

Greens & shoots · Marso–Mayo

Ramps (wild leeks)

Allium tricoccum

Where: Rich, moist hardwood forests in the East and Midwest.

Look-alikes & cautions: Lily of the valley and false hellebore are poisonous look-alikes — a crushed ramp leaf smells strongly of onion and garlic. Take one leaf per plant and leave the bulb; ramps grow back very slowly.

Use: Fresh, pickled, frozen or dried

Wild onion & wild garlic
(c) Annika Lindqvist, some rights reserved (CC BY), uploaded by Annika Lindqvist · iNaturalist

Greens & shoots · Marso–Mayo

Wild onion & wild garlic

Allium canadense

Where: Lawns, fields and open woods in early spring.

Look-alikes & cautions: Death camas looks similar and is deadly but has no onion smell. If it doesn’t smell like onion, don’t eat it.

Use: Use like chives or garlic

Dandelion
(c) lonnyholmes, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC), uploaded by lonnyholmes · iNaturalist

Greens & shoots · Marso–Oktubre

Dandelion

Taraxacum

Where: Lawns, fields and roadsides — pick where nothing has been sprayed.

Look-alikes & cautions: True dandelion has one flower on a hollow, leafless stem and toothed, hairless leaves. Look-alikes such as cat’s-ear and chicory are also edible.

Use: Young greens, flowers and roots

Stinging nettle
no rights reserved, uploaded by georgiasteel · iNaturalist

Greens & shoots · Marso–Hunyo

Stinging nettle

Urtica dioica

Where: Moist, rich soil along streams and woods edges.

Look-alikes & cautions: Wear gloves. Cooking, blanching or drying removes the sting. Pick the top 4–6 leaves before the plant flowers.

Use: Cooked greens, soup and tea

Lamb’s quarters
(c) Patrick Hacker, some rights reserved (CC BY), uploaded by Patrick Hacker · iNaturalist

Greens & shoots · Mayo–Setyembre

Lamb’s quarters

Chenopodium album

Where: Gardens, barnyards and disturbed ground.

Look-alikes & cautions: Young leaves have a white, mealy coating underneath. Like spinach it is high in oxalates — eat cooked and in moderation.

Use: Cook like spinach

Purslane
(c) Ricard Busquets Reverte, some rights reserved (CC BY), uploaded by Ricard Busquets Reverte · iNaturalist

Greens & shoots · Hunyo–Setyembre

Purslane

Portulaca oleracea

Where: Gardens, sidewalk cracks and hot, sunny ground.

Look-alikes & cautions: Spotted spurge looks similar but is toxic: it has milky white sap and thin, wiry stems. Purslane has thick, juicy stems and clear sap.

Use: Fresh in salads or pickled

Chickweed
(c) Douglas Goldman, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA), uploaded by Douglas Goldman · iNaturalist

Greens & shoots · Marso–Mayo, Setyembre–Nobyembre

Chickweed

Stellaria media

Where: Lawns and garden beds in cool weather.

Look-alikes & cautions: Scarlet pimpernel (toxic) looks similar but has orange-red flowers and square stems. Chickweed has white star flowers and a single line of hairs along the stem.

Use: Fresh in salads

Wild violets
(c) allenwoodliffe, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC), uploaded by allenwoodliffe · iNaturalist

Greens & shoots · Marso–Mayo

Wild violets

Viola sororia

Where: Lawns, shady yards and open woods.

Look-alikes & cautions: Common blue violet leaves and flowers are edible. African violets (houseplants) are not true violets and are not eaten.

Use: Salads, syrup, jelly and tea

Fiddleheads (ostrich fern)
(c) Tom Norton, some rights reserved (CC BY), uploaded by Tom Norton · iNaturalist

Greens & shoots · Abril–Mayo

Fiddleheads (ostrich fern)

Matteuccia struthiopteris

Where: Stream banks and moist bottomland in the North.

Look-alikes & cautions: Only ostrich fern: smooth stems with a deep U-shaped groove inside and brown papery scales. Bracken and other ferns can be harmful. Always boil 15 minutes or steam 10–12 minutes before eating.

Use: Always cooked

Cattail shoots
(c) Douglas Goldman, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA), uploaded by Douglas Goldman · iNaturalist

Greens & shoots · Abril–Hunyo

Cattail shoots

Typha

Where: Marshes, ponds and ditches with clean water.

Look-alikes & cautions: Young cattail can be confused with iris, which is poisonous — iris leaves are flat and fan out from the base; cattail has a round base. Avoid polluted water.

Use: Peeled shoots, raw or cooked

Wild asparagus
(c) Brandon Corder, some rights reserved (CC BY), uploaded by Brandon Corder · iNaturalist

Greens & shoots · Abril–Mayo

Wild asparagus

Asparagus officinalis

Where: Fencerows, ditches and old homesteads — look for last year’s tall feathery stalks.

Look-alikes & cautions: Pick only where roadsides and ditches aren’t sprayed.

Use: Like garden asparagus

Wild strawberries
(c) Abby Hyde, some rights reserved (CC BY), uploaded by Abby Hyde · iNaturalist

Berries · Mayo–Hunyo

Wild strawberries

Fragaria virginiana

Where: Sunny fields, meadows and woods edges.

Look-alikes & cautions: Mock strawberry has yellow flowers and bland fruit (not harmful). True wild strawberries have white flowers.

Use: Fresh, jam or frozen

Mulberries
no rights reserved · iNaturalist

Berries · Mayo–Hulyo

Mulberries

Morus

Where: Yard trees, fencerows and woods edges.

Look-alikes & cautions: Unripe berries and leaves can upset the stomach — eat only fully ripe fruit.

Use: Fresh, pies, jam, frozen or dried

Blackberries & dewberries
(c) Eileen D, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC), uploaded by Eileen D · iNaturalist

Berries · Hunyo–Agosto

Blackberries & dewberries

Rubus allegheniensis

Where: Thickets, old fields and fencerows.

Look-alikes & cautions: Aggregate berries like these have few dangerous look-alikes. Watch for thorns, ticks and snakes.

Use: Fresh, jam, canned or frozen

Black raspberries
(c) Steven J. Baskauf, some rights reserved (CC BY) · iNaturalist

Berries · Hunyo–Hulyo

Black raspberries

Rubus occidentalis

Where: Woods edges and fencerows.

Look-alikes & cautions: Black raspberries come off the core hollow, like a thimble; blackberries keep their core.

Use: Fresh, jam or frozen

Wild blueberries & huckleberries
(c) Nash Turley, some rights reserved (CC BY), uploaded by Nash Turley · iNaturalist

Berries · Hulyo–Agosto

Wild blueberries & huckleberries

Vaccinium

Where: Acid soils — pine barrens, hills and mountain balds.

Look-alikes & cautions: Look for the 5-pointed crown on the end of each berry. Avoid berries in clusters with star-shaped flowers (nightshades).

Use: Fresh, canned, frozen or dried

Elderberries
(c) Rison Thumboor, some rights reserved (CC BY) · iNaturalist

Berries · Agosto–Setyembre

Elderberries

Sambucus canadensis

Where: Wet ground, ditches and fencerows; creamy flower heads in June.

Look-alikes & cautions: Raw berries, stems, leaves and unripe fruit are toxic — cook ripe berries and remove every stem. Water hemlock (deadly) and pokeweed grow in the same places; elder is a woody shrub with opposite, compound leaves.

Use: Cooked syrup, jelly and pies

Wild plums
(c) Dave Sutherland, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC), uploaded by Dave Sutherland · iNaturalist

Fruit · Hulyo–Setyembre

Wild plums

Prunus americana

Where: Thickets along fencerows and field edges.

Look-alikes & cautions: Don’t eat the pits — they contain cyanide-forming compounds.

Use: Jam, canned or dried

Wild grapes & muscadines
(c) Jay Horn, some rights reserved (CC BY), uploaded by Jay Horn · iNaturalist

Fruit · Agosto–Oktubre

Wild grapes & muscadines

Vitis

Where: Climbing over trees and fences along woods edges.

Look-alikes & cautions: Canada moonseed is poisonous: it has one crescent-shaped seed per fruit and no forked tendrils. Wild grapes have pear-shaped seeds and forked tendrils.

Use: Juice, jelly and wine

Pawpaws
(c) Wendell Smith, some rights reserved (CC BY) · iNaturalist

Fruit · Agosto–Oktubre

Pawpaws

Asimina triloba

Where: River bottoms and shady understory in the East and Midwest.

Look-alikes & cautions: Eat only the ripe pulp — skin and seeds are not eaten. A few people get an upset stomach.

Use: Fresh or frozen pulp

Wild persimmons
no rights reserved, uploaded by Nonbinary-Naturalist · iNaturalist

Fruit · Setyembre–Nobyembre

Wild persimmons

Diospyros virginiana

Where: Old fields and woods edges in the South and Midwest.

Look-alikes & cautions: Eat only when soft and fully ripe — unripe fruit is painfully astringent.

Use: Pulp for breads and puddings

Staghorn & smooth sumac
(c) roamingthewoods, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC), uploaded by roamingthewoods · iNaturalist

Fruit · Hulyo–Setyembre

Staghorn & smooth sumac

Rhus

Where: Fields and roadsides — red, fuzzy, upright berry clusters.

Look-alikes & cautions: Poison sumac has white, drooping berries and grows in swamps — avoid it. Anyone allergic to cashews or mangoes should skip sumac.

Use: Lemony tea and spice

Black walnuts
(c) Tom Norton, some rights reserved (CC BY), uploaded by Tom Norton · iNaturalist

Nuts · Setyembre–Oktubre

Black walnuts

Juglans nigra

Where: Fields, fencerows and river bottoms.

Look-alikes & cautions: Wear gloves — the husks stain. Hull, wash and cure nuts 2–3 weeks in a dry, airy spot before cracking.

Use: Baking and candy

Hickory nuts
no rights reserved, uploaded by Samuel Bolduc · iNaturalist

Nuts · Setyembre–Oktubre

Hickory nuts

Carya ovata

Where: Upland hardwood forests (shagbark and shellbark are best).

Look-alikes & cautions: Bitternut hickory is too bitter to eat. Cure before cracking.

Use: Baking

Wild pecans
(c) Eran Finkle, some rights reserved (CC BY) · iNaturalist

Nuts · Oktubre–Nobyembre

Wild pecans

Carya illinoinensis

Where: River bottoms in the South and lower Midwest.

Look-alikes & cautions: Gather soon after they fall, before squirrels do.

Use: Baking and snacking

Acorns
(c) Sandy Wolkenberg, some rights reserved (CC BY), uploaded by Sandy Wolkenberg · iNaturalist

Nuts · Setyembre–Nobyembre

Acorns

Quercus alba

Where: Under oaks — white oak acorns are the least bitter.

Look-alikes & cautions: All acorns must be leached of tannins (soaked through many changes of water) before eating. Discard ones with holes.

Use: Leached flour and meal

Maple sap
(c) James St. John, some rights reserved (CC BY) · iNaturalist

Other · Pebrero–Marso

Maple sap

Acer saccharum

Where: Sugar, black and red maples at least 10 inches across.

Look-alikes & cautions: Tap when days are above freezing and nights below. About 40 gallons of sugar maple sap boil down to 1 gallon of syrup.

Use: Syrup

Learn With Others

The best way to learn wild foods is alongside someone who knows them. Ask for identification help in the Foraging group — post clear photos of every part of the plant or mushroom — and never eat anything on an online ID alone.

Join the Foraging Group